Forty-six years of Greenland Ice Sheet mass balance from 1972 to 2018. Growth of Greenland Ice Sheet: measurement. Recent Greenland ice mass loss by drainage system from satellite gravity observations. 25 years of elevation changes of the Greenland Ice Sheet from ERS, Envisat, and CryoSat-2 radar altimetry. A high-resolution record of Greenland mass balance. Extensive dynamic thinning on the margins of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets. Ice-front variation and tidewater behavior on Helheim and Kangerdlugssuaq Glaciers, Greenland.
The response of Petermann Glacier, Greenland, to large calving events, and its future stability in the context of atmospheric and oceanic warming. Subglacial lake drainage detected beneath the Greenland ice sheet. Supraglacial lakes on the Greenland ice sheet advance inland under warming climate.
Decreasing cloud cover drives the recent mass loss on the Greenland Ice Sheet. Reconstructions of the 1900–2015 Greenland ice sheet surface mass balance using the regional climate MAR model. Antarctic and Greenland Drainage Systems (GSFC Cryospheric Sciences Laboratory, 2012). Greenland flow variability from ice-sheet-wide velocity mapping. BedMachine v3: complete bed topography and ocean bathymetry mapping of Greenland from multibeam echo sounding combined with mass conservation. in Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis (eds Stocker, T. Interruption of two decades of Jakobshavn Isbrae acceleration and thinning as regional ocean cools. Accelerating changes in ice mass within Greenland, and the ice sheet’s sensitivity to atmospheric forcing. Important role of the mid-tropospheric atmospheric circulation in the recent surface melt increase over the Greenland ice sheet. Evaluation of surface air temperature records. Recent warming in Greenland in a long-term instrumental (1881–2012) climatic context: I. North Atlantic warming and the retreat of Greenland’s outlet glaciers. Ocean forcing of the Greenland Ice Sheet: calving fronts and patterns of retreat identified by automatic satellite monitoring of eastern outlet glaciers. Seale, A., Christoffersen, P., Mugford, R. Acceleration of Jakobshavn Isbræ triggered by warm subsurface ocean waters. Very high resolution regional climate model simulations over Greenland: identifying added value. Nonlinear rise in Greenland runoff in response to post-industrial Arctic warming. Changes in the velocity structure of the Greenland Ice Sheet. An improved mass budget for the Greenland ice sheet. 21st-century evolution of Greenland outlet glacier velocities. The Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets under 1.5 ☌ global warming. A reconciled estimate of ice-sheet mass balance. Cumulative ice losses from Greenland as a whole have been close to the rates predicted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change for their high-end climate warming scenario 17, which forecast an additional 70 to 130 millimetres of global sea-level rise by 2100 compared with their central estimate. The total rate of ice loss slowed to 222 ± 30 billion tonnes per year between 20, on average, as atmospheric circulation favoured cooler conditions 15 and ocean temperatures fell at the terminus of Jakobshavn Isbræ 16. The remaining 1,938 ± 541 billion tonnes (49.7 per cent) of ice loss was due to increased glacier dynamical imbalance, which rose from 46 ± 37 billion tonnes per year in the 1990s to 87 ± 25 billion tonnes per year since then. Using three regional climate models, we show that the reduced surface mass balance has driven 1,964 ± 565 billion tonnes (50.3 per cent) of the ice loss owing to increased meltwater runoff. In all, Greenland lost 3,902 ± 342 billion tonnes of ice between 19, causing the mean sea level to rise by 10.8 ± 0.9 millimetres. The ice sheet was close to a state of balance in the 1990s, but annual losses have risen since then, peaking at 345 ± 66 billion tonnes per year in 2011. Here we compare and combine 26 individual satellite measurements of changes in the ice sheet’s volume, flow and gravitational potential to produce a reconciled estimate of its mass balance. Although increases in glacier flow 4, 5, 6 and surface melting 7, 8, 9 have been driven by oceanic 10, 11, 12 and atmospheric 13, 14 warming, the magnitude and trajectory of the ice sheet’s mass imbalance remain uncertain. The Greenland Ice Sheet has been a major contributor to global sea-level rise in recent decades 1, 2, and it is expected to continue to be so 3.
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